Polymer and small molecule mechanochemistry: closer than ever

• José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1225–1235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.128

• functional polymers on a scale of up to a hundred grams per run. Piezoelectric materials as mechanophores Mechanophores were initially described as molecular units that chemically respond in a selective manner to a mechanical perturbation preferentially transduced through polymers [1]. As mentioned above

Exfoliated black phosphorous-mediated CuAAC chemistry for organic and macromolecular synthesis under white LED and near-IR irradiation

• Azra Kocaarslan,
• Zafer Eroglu,
• Önder Metin and
• Yusuf Yagci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2477–2487, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.164

• azide derivatives under both white LED and NIR light irradiation. Due to its deeper penetration of NIR light, the possibility of synthesizing different macromolecular structures such as functional polymers, cross-linked networks and block copolymer has also been demonstrated. The structural and

Chemical syntheses and salient features of azulene-containing homo- and copolymers

• Vijayendra S. Shetti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2164–2185, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.139

• , anti-Kasha photophysics, and a small HOMO–LUMO gap when compared to its isomer, naphthalene. These properties make azulene-containing polymers an intriguing entity in the field of functional polymers, especially for organic electronic applications like organic field-effect transistors (OFET) and

• synthesis of functional polymers is also an interesting proposition and such polymers can find promising applications in the organic electronics field such as organic field-effect transistors (OFET) and photovoltaic (PV) cells [15][16]. The synthesis of azulene-containing polymers can be envisaged through

• photoluminescent materials research. It can be concluded that the research field of azulene-containing functional polymers is still in its infancy and there is a lot of scope for chemists and material scientists to design and chemically synthesize exotic azulene-containing polymers having improved characteristics

Constrained thermoresponsive polymers – new insights into fundamentals and applications

• Patricia Flemming,
• Alexander S. Münch,
• Andreas Fery and
• Petra Uhlmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2123–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.138

• their physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility, viscosity) and can respond to stimuli in several ways by altering light transmitting abilities, shape, color, conductivity, as well as wettability [27][28]. Therefore, such functional polymers have a huge potential in numerous areas of application

Structure–property relationships and third-order nonlinearities in diketopyrrolopyrrole based D–π–A–π–D molecules

• Jan Podlesný,
• Lenka Dokládalová,
• Oldřich Pytela,
• Adam Urbanec,
• Milan Klikar,
• Numan Almonasy,
• Tomáš Mikysek,
• Jaroslav Jedryka,
• Iwan V. Kityk and
• Filip Bureš

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2374–2384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.235

• -emitting diodes (OLED), fluorophores, probes for ion sensing, functional polymers, and more recently also chromophores with nonlinear optical (NLO) activity. The latter property is mostly dictated by their conjugated character, electron-accepting behavior of the DPP scaffold, strong emissive character, and

A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry

• Xiao Huang,
• Li Yang,
• Rikard Emanuelsson,
• Jonas Bergquist,
• Maria Strømme,
• Martin Sjödin and
• Adolf Gogoll

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2682–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.265

• electrochemically redox active. The stability of the linker would thus constitute an additional parameter to consider when designing functional polymers. The alkyne group is a versatile synthetic building block which can be functionalized in a number of fashions [20][21][22][23]. These include, e.g., well-developed

• alkyne chemistry. Its usefulness is demonstrated by a series of functionalized polythiophene derivatives that were obtained by pre- and post-electropolymerization transformations, provided by the synthetic ease of the Sonogashira coupling and click chemistry. Keywords: electropolymerization; functional

• polymers; polythiophene; Sonogashira coupling; thiophene; Introduction Currently organic conjugated polymers are attracting considerable interest for various applications in plastic electronics. In particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) [1] and its derivatives [2][3][4][5][6][7] play an

Chemoselective O-acylation of hydroxyamino acids and amino alcohols under acidic reaction conditions: History, scope and applications

• Tor E. Kristensen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 446–468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.51

Functionalized branched EDOT-terthiophene copolymer films by electropolymerization and post-polymerization “click”-reactions

• Miriam Goll,
• Adrian Ruff,
• Erna Muks,
• Felix Goerigk,
• Beatrice Omiecienski,
• Ines Ruff,
• Rafael C. González-Cano,
• Juan T. Lopez Navarrete,
• M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado and
• Sabine Ludwigs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 335–347, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.39

• Miriam Goll Adrian Ruff Erna Muks Felix Goerigk Beatrice Omiecienski Ines Ruff Rafael C. Gonzalez-Cano Juan T. Lopez Navarrete M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado Sabine Ludwigs IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute for Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Towards the sequence-specific multivalent molecular recognition of cyclodextrin oligomers

• Michael Kurlemann and
• Bart Jan Ravoo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2428–2440, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.253

• , such vesicles can be modified with bio-active ligands and serve as model systems to mimic biological processes on cell membranes [10][11]. In the field of materials science multivalency has been used to create functional polymers [12][13][14] and self-assembled electronic [15][16][17][18][19][20] or

Organotellurium-mediated living radical polymerization under photoirradiation by a low-intensity light-emitting diode

• Yasuyuki Nakamura and
• Shigeru Yamago

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1607–1612, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.183

• ], and facile living-end transformation for the synthesis of block copolymers [30][31][32][33][34] and end-functional polymers [35][36]. Furthermore, we recently reported that photochemical stimuli were efficient in the activation of organotellurium dormant species, and that TERP proceeded under mild

Efficient electroorganic synthesis of 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene derivatives

• Carolin Regenbrecht and
• Siegfried R. Waldvogel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1721–1724, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.196

• common structural motif. The use of triphenylenes in discotic liquid crystals [1][2] as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry [3][4] as well as in solid-state chemistry [5] is well documented. Furthermore, triphenylenes are applied as components of functional polymers [6][7] and fluorescent labels

Azobenzene dye-coupled quadruply hydrogen-bonding modules as colorimetric indicators for supramolecular interactions

• Yagang Zhang and
• Steven C. Zimmerman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 486–495, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.55

• Kassoc ≈ 108 M−1 [36], whereas for the DAN–UPy heterocomplex Kassoc = 106 M−1 [58][59][60]. Whether these complex stabilities allow for the selective coloration of the functional polymers was examined by mixing CH2Cl2 solutions of polymer and dye-coupled recognition units, evaporation of the solvent, and

Homocoupling of aryl halides in flow: Space integration of lithiation and FeCl₃ promoted homocoupling

• Aiichiro Nagaki,
• Yuki Uesugi,
• Yutaka Tomida and
• Jun-ichi Yoshida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1064–1069, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.122

• salts; microreactor; organolithiums; Introduction Biaryl structures often occur in various organic compounds including natural products, bioactive compounds, functional polymers, ligands in catalysts and theoretically interesting molecules, and the oxidative homocoupling of arylmetals is one of the

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• been polymerized on polystyrene latex in miniemulsion [98]. Polyaddition Polyaddition and polycondensation reactions always yield functional polymers since the polymers produced are terminated with reactive functional groups. A higher degree of functionality is easily attained using monomers bearing

Novel multi-responsive P2VP-block-PNIPAAm block copolymers via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

• Cathrin Corten,
• Katja Kretschmer and
• Dirk Kuckling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.89

• delivery systems. Keywords: block copolymers; N-isopropylacrylamide; nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization; stimuli-responsive polymers; 2-vinylpyridine; Introduction Functional polymers have attracted much attention because of their technological and scientific importance. Polymers, which respond

• with large property changes to small external chemical or physical stimuli, are so called “smart”, “responsive” or “intelligent” polymers [1][2], constitute a very interesting group of functional polymers. Such polymers have found applications as reactive surfaces [3], in drug delivery and separation

Functionalized copolyimide membranes for the separation of gaseous and liquid mixtures

• Nadine Schmeling,
• Roman Konietzny,
• Daniel Sieffert,
• Patrick Rölling and
• Claudia Staudt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.86

• separation [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Carboxy group containing 6FDA-based polyimides and copolyimides have been developed resulting in functional polymers which can be cross-linked or further modified. Consequently, plasticization effects can be reduced very efficiently [25][27][40][41]. As shown in Figure 4

Functionalized polymers: synthesis and properties

• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 55, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.55

• instance, are preferentially made of standard polymeric materials such as polyolefins, polyesters or polyamides. It is therefore obvious that the future of polymer chemistry will be influenced by the elaboration of new functional polymers. At the beginning of the application of synthetic materials

• of various functional polymers is becoming increasingly important in specific areas of application. In terms of technical applications, functional polymers are important, for example in the fields of optics, electronics or catalysis. They are also widely used for analytical devices, (e.g. columns for

Convenient methods for preparing π-conjugated linkers as building blocks for modular chemistry

• Jiří Kulhánek,
• Filip Bureš and
• Miroslav Ludwig

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 11, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.11

• ], organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) [9] or functional polymers [10][11][12][13]. A typical push-pull chromophore consists of a polar A-π-D system with a planar π-system end-capped by a strong electron donor (D) and a strong electron acceptor (A). The π-conjugated system ensuring charge-transfer (CT

Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of carboxylic acids and silanes - a new method for the preparation of silyl ester

• Guo-Bin Liu and
• Hong-Yun Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 27, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.27

• nucleophilically-labile silyl ester bonds in the main chain are being studied as a new type of degradable functional polymers with the potential for an extremely broad range of degradation behavior through variation in the functionalities attached to the silicon atom. In the design of degradable materials, the